Set of Diploma Courses II: Binocular Vision part 2 Field of study: Physics
Programme code: W4-S2FZ19.2025

The education module focuses on gaining knowledge about the basics of strabismus, states of adaptation to it, amblyopia and treatment of advanced binocular vision disorders. Students learn the division and characteristics of incorrect positioning of the visual axis, including phoria, tropia and microtropia, and also learn methods of assessing the visual axis, both subjective and objective. Paralytic strabismus is discussed in detail, including paralysis of the III, IV and VI nerves. The module also covers the states of adaptation to strabismus, such as monocular sequelae (amblyopia, eccentric fixation) and binocular sequelae (suppression, abnormal retinal correspondence), as well as methods of measuring these states. Much emphasis is placed on amblyopia, its characteristics, theories of its development, sequelae of failure, and motor and sensory sequelae, along with methods of measurement. In the final part of the module, students gain knowledge about the management of advanced binocular vision disorders, including the management of strabismus (correction, therapy, surgical methods), amblyopia (correction, obturation, penalization, treatment schemes) and paralytic and post-traumatic strabismus (correction, therapy, surgical methods). The aim of the module is to develop in students' comprehensive knowledge and practical skills in the diagnosis and treatment of strabismus and amblyopia, preparing them to work effectively with patients with these disorders. The module develops the ability to learn independently, acquire knowledge, work in a team and communicate effectively with the environment. The course will consist of introductory lectures and laboratory exercises. Training content: 1. Basics of strabismus: • classification and characteristics of incorrect positioning of the visual axis, • methods of assessing the visual axis (subjective and objective), • paralytic strabismus (palsy of nerves III, IV, VI, others), • methods of measuring different types of strabismus. 2. Adaptive states to strabismus disease: • monocular consequences of strabismus (amblyopia, eccentric fixation), • binocular consequences of strabismus (attenuation, abnormal retinal correspondence), • methods of measuring the adaptive states of strabismus disease. 3. Amblyopia • characteristics of amblyopia: theories of its origin, • consequences of amblyopia: visual acuity, contrast, crowding effect, • motor and sensory consequences of visual impairment, • measurement methods. 4. Management of advanced binocular vision disorders: • treatment of strabismus: correction, therapy, surgical methods, • treatment of amblyopia: correction, obturation, penalization, treatment schemes, • treatment of paralytic and post-traumatic strabismus: correction, therapy, surgical methods. During lectures, students will become familiar with issues related to various methods of diagnosing and treating strabismus disorders and the adaptive states that accompany them. During laboratory work, they will learn the practical aspects of various measurement techniques, including the interpretation of their results and combining the results to obtain a diagnosis of the condition of binocular vision. As part of their own work, the student, based on lecture notes and supplementary literature, aims to consolidate the knowledge they have acquired. The module also develops the ability to work in a team and communicate effectively with the environment. After completing the laboratory classes, the student presents a report containing a short theoretical introduction to the problem; the adopted methodology, description of the study, analysis and discussion of the results in relation to the standards. The student prepares a case presentation to pass the practical part. The student prepares a case presentation to pass the practical part and submits a summary of the cards of the conducted studies. The final examination includes a theoretical and practical part, testing the knowledge of selected optometric procedures and the ability to perform them correctly.