Set of Diploma Courses I: Binocular Vision part 1 Field of study: Physics
Programme code: W4-S2FZ19.2025

The education module focuses on a comprehensive study of issues related to binocular vision, anatomy and physiology of oculomotor muscles, and non-theoretical disorders of binocular vision. Within the module, students gain in-depth knowledge of the basics of binocular vision, including simultaneous perception, motor and sensory fusion, and stereoscopic vision. The anatomy and physiology of the oculomotor muscles are also analyzed in detail, including fixation, monocular and binocular movements such as versions, vergences, and saccades. An important element of the module is also a discussion of non-theoretical disorders of binocular vision, including accommodation disorders (under-, under-, sluggish, over-accommodation, spasm), vergence disorders (under- and over-convergence, under- and over-divergence, primary esophoria, primary exophoria), oculomotor disorders, and fixation differences. The aim of the module is to develop students' skills in recognising, diagnosing and understanding the mechanisms of binocular vision and its disorders, which provides a solid foundation for work in fields related to optometry, ophthalmology or vision rehabilitation. The module develops the ability to learn independently, acquire knowledge, work in a team and communicate effectively with the environment. The course will consist of introductory lectures and laboratory exercises. Training content: 1. Basics of Binocular Vision • simultaneous perception, • fusion: motor and sensory, • stereoscopic vision 2. Anatomy and physiology of the eye muscles • anatomy and physiology of the eye muscles, • fixation, • monocular movement • binocular movements: versions, vergence, saccades 3. Non-strabismic binocular vision disorders • accommodation disorders: insufficient accommodation, poor accommodation, sluggish accommodation, excessive accommodation, spasm • Duan -White vergence disorders: convergence deficiency, convergence over-determination, divergence deficiency, divergence deficiency, primary esophoria, primary exophoria • oculomotor disorders, • fixation differences, 4. Treatment for binocular vision disorders: • treatment of accommodation disorders: correction, therapy • treatment of vergence disorders: correction, therapy • treatment of oculomotor disorders: correction, therapy During lectures, students will become familiar with issues related to various methods of diagnosis and treatment of accommodative, vergence and non-accommodative disorders. During laboratory work, they will learn the practical aspects of various measurement techniques, including the interpretation of their results and combining the results to obtain a diagnosis of the condition of binocular vision. As part of their own work, the student, based on lecture notes and supplementary literature, aims to consolidate the knowledge they have acquired. The module also develops the ability to work in a team and communicate effectively with the environment. After completing the laboratory classes, the student presents a report containing a short theoretical introduction to the problem; the adopted methodology, description of the study, analysis and discussion of the results in relation to the standards. To pass the practical part, the student prepares a case presentation and submits a summary of the cards of the conducted studies. The final examination includes a theoretical and practical part, testing the knowledge of selected optometric procedures and the ability to perform them correctly.